physi

assical and quantum optics, suitable for undergraduates. Optics, Second Edition by Eugene Hecht – A classic text that covers fundamental concepts with an emphasis on wave optics and modern developments. Principles of Optics by Max

overed Using rulers, vernier calipers, and micrometers Reading analog and digital instruments Estimating uncertainties and propagating errors Pros and Cons Pros: Enhances accuracy and reliability of experimental data. Develops critical thinking about the