pulmonologists

rming thoracoscopy under guidance ensures patient safety while allowing the trainee to refine technical skills. Feedback from mentors on scope manipulation, tissue sampling, and complication management accelerates learning. Step 4: Independent Practice with Continuous Learn

formed under local anesthesia with sedation Greater maneuverability in complex or difficult anatomy Limitations: Slightly limited in certain interventions compared to rigid scope > Choosing between rigid and flexible thoracos